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[EREOSCOPTICON 


SCHOOL OB' ART, 


AT THE CHURCH, 


Cor. of GRAND and CROSBY Sts. 


DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 


SEVERAL HUNDRED VIEWS OF SCJENEEY, STATUARY, AllCHl- 
^ TECTURE, AND PAINTINGS, FROM DIFFERENT QUARTERS 

OF THE GLOBE. 



ADMISSION 30 CENTS. 

CATALOGUES 25 CENTS. 




/ / 


£ NEW YORK: 

JOHN F. TROW & CO., PRINTERS, No. 60 GREENE STREET 






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STEREOSCOPTICOI 


SCHOOL OF ART, 

AT THE CHURCH, 

Cor. of G-RAND and CROSBY Sts. 

A 

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 


SEVERAL HUNDRED VIEWS OP SCENERY, STATUARY, ARCHI¬ 
TECTURE, AND PAINTINGS, FROM DIFFERENT QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


ADMISSION 30 CENTS. 



JOHN F. TROW & CO., PRINTERS, No. 50 GREENE STREET 

1865. 






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IlSTTRODUCTIOlSr. 


-• - 

In calling public attention to the Stereoscopticon School of Art no\r 
on exhibition in this City, it may be proper to state that previous to the 
discovery of the Photographic art, the representation of Natural Scenes 
and Objects had been entirely dependenron the pencil or brush of the 
Artist, and were liable at times to those imperfections in light, shade 
and proportion, the faithful transmission of which can only be accom¬ 
plished through photographic agency. By that beautiful process we 
are enabled to secure the minutest impressions of the most delicate 
flowers; to catch the form and transparency of a drop of v/atcr as it 
glistens for a moment on the icicle and then disappears for ever; to 
convey a truthful idea of the grandeur of Alpine scenery, or the im¬ 
posing effect of those noble ruins, buildings and monuments to be found 
in Egypt and the classic countries of Europe. 

The Stereoscopticon School of Art consists of a series of exquisite 
pictures literally taken by the pencil of the sun itself, from the real 
scenes and objects represented. These, by the most subtle processes of 
chemical and photographic science, are reproduced with perfect stereo¬ 
scopic effect upon an immense canvass, measuring G25 square feet—all 
seen at one view. 

The collection is peculiarly rich in magnificent copies of the works 
of the Great Masters, in both Sculpture and Painting, including the 
finest productions of Michael Angelo, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, 
Guido, Poussin, Canova, Thorwaldsen, Bernard, liaise, Magni, Monti, 
Behnes, Wyon, Fontana, Weeks, Foley, Gibson, Davis, Monro, Turner, 
Ac., and can boast the best of our American gems from the hands of 
Power, Palmer, Mozier, Crawford, Greenough, West, Church, Cole, 
Cropsey and many others. Some of the finest and most beautiful Land¬ 
scape views from all parrs of the world,—Picturesque Ruins, massive 
Castles and remains of Feudalism along the banks of the Rhine, the 
most renowned Public Buildings and Monuments of the Old World— 
all these arc delineated with the exactness of nature itself. Our own 
country is well represented in a large number of view's of Niagara, 
scenes on the Hudson, and the chief places of interest and historical 




note. It also possesses a series of remarkable pictures taken during 
Dr. Kane’s Voyage of Discovery to the Arctic Regions, the only views 
taken in the Far North ever exhibited, conveying a vivid and truthful 
idea of those icy vrastes and the singular people who inhabit them. 
Besides these it has a large number of amusing pictures delineating 
Love, Matrimony, Anger, Jealousy, &c., and a host of superb Egyptian 
scenes, and views in the Holy Land. 

In order to make this exhibition the most comprehensive, instructive 
and magnificent ever seen in this eountry, or perhaps in the world, the 
proprietors have spared neither time nor expense, and have engaged 
the large Church situafed atU the corner of Grand and Crosby streets, 
near Broadway, with a view of making the Stereoscopticon School ol 
Art a permanent institution. 

The entire collection of views, &c., numbers over 1,000, of which 
GO will be exhibited every evening. Programmes for rue week have 
already been issued, each programme being different from the others, 
and no two pictures being alike throughout the series. Additional pro¬ 
grammes from the balance of the collection are being prepared, and 
separate evenings will be devoted to the exhibition of War Scenes, 
and pictures on the subjects of Astronomy and Natural History, &c. * 

The proprietors have decided to make the Stereoscopticon School of 
Art available as a religious and educational agency by offering it for 
exhibition in the afternoon to Churches and Schools, on terms at least 
mutually advantageous, or for the benefit of any Christian enterprise 
or charity. 

M. NELSON, 

Manager^ 


The Proprietors of the Stereoscopticon offer liberal compensation to] 
any one who may present a beautiful drawing^ picture, design or photo-l 
graph adapted to the purposes of the Institution, and interesting to 
public. 

All communications should le addressed to M. Nelson at the Church,\ 



AMEKIC A 


CAPITOL AT ■WASHINGT0If.-(4 other Views.) 

A large and massive building of the Corinthian order of Architecture, built of 
Marble. It stands on an eminence 78 feet above tide-water. Length 852 feet, 
Including the wings—whose depth is 121 feet; other wings and extensions have 
lately been added. The Dome, is 120 feet in height, and immediately beneath 
is the Rotunda adorned with sculpture in bold relief, the subjects being “Smith 
delivered liy Pocahorrta.s,” “Landing of the Pilgrims,” and the four celebrated 
paintings by Trumbull, representing “the Presentation of the Declaration of In¬ 
dependence to Congress,” “the Surrender of Burgoyne to Gates,” the “.Surrender 
of Cornwallis at Yorktown,” and “Washington resigning his Commi.ssion,” &c. 
The Library contains over 60,000 volumes, and the whole building is splendidly 
decorated by sculpture, paintings and bas-reliefs. 

THE WHITE HOUSE. 

The President's Mansion is a handsome edifice, 170 feet front, and 86 feet deep, 
standing in a park of 20 acres at an elevation of 44 feet above the river. The 
Interior is elegantly constructed and richly furnished. 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE.—(4 Views.) 

Founded on a bequest of more than half a million of dollars made to tho 
United States by J«mes Smithson, an Englishman. This building is one of tho 

f :reut attractions of the metropolis, and presents a noble appearance. Extreme 
ength 450 feet, width 140, and it has 9 towers varying in height frotn 75 to 100 
feet. It contains an extensive Library, and has already printed and circulated a 
number of valuable volumes, and acquired collections in the way of Natural History 
and scientific as well as general literature. A fine Gallery of Art is in tho west¬ 
ern wing. 

THE POST OEEICE DEPARTMENT. 

Designed and built by Mr. Mills, of white marble, and after the Corinthian 
order. It is 3 stories hiirh, 204 feet long, and 103 feet deep; it contains 27 rooms 
on each floor, making 81 in all. It occupies a central position in the city near 
the Department of the Interior, both of which are about half a mile from the 
President’s House. 


MOUNT VERNON, 

The Home of George Washington, is on tho right bank of the Potomac. 15 miles 
from Washington. The house has been kept very nearly as Washington left it, and a 
short distance from it, in a retired spot, stands the new family tomb, a plain struc¬ 
ture of brick, with a barred iron gate through which are seen two sarcophagi of 
white marble, side by side, containing tho remains of Washington and hi.s consort. 

PHTDADELPHIA FROM FAIRMOUNT. 

Population, 408,000. The second city in the United States in manufactures and 
population. It contains man}’-churches and public buildings, amongst which are 
tho Custom House, the Mint, Inde])endence Hall, Girard College, &c., be.sides 
libraries, medical and other schools. It was here that the first Congress assembled, 
September 5, 1774, and here the Declaration of ludependenco was read on the 4th 
July, 1776. 

INDEPENDENCE HALL. 

By far the most interesting building in Philadelphia, from its venerable appear¬ 
ance and historical associations. It was finished In 1734. Tho bell for tho first 
■steeple was imported from England in 1752, but was broken by accident. A new 
one was cast in Phadelphia under the direction of Isaac Norris, Speaker of the 
Colonial Assembly, who caused to be inscribed on it the passage from Leviticus, 
XXV, X. : “ Proclaim liberty throuabout the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof.” 
Accordingly, on the 4th of July, 1776, itsjoyous peals rang out proclaiming the com- 

E letion of tho Declaration of Independence, which marks the brightest page in the 
istory of mankind. 



ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 

A spftclous balWln^on Broad Street, containing a library of over 14.000 volumes, 
aitd a rich cabinet of subjects pertaining to the natural sciences. 

GIEARD COLLEGE. 

Endowed by the late Stephen Girard with $2,000,000, and was commenced 4th 
July. 1833, The buildings were completed in 1847, and went into operation on the 
Ist January, 1843. 

THE FALLS OF NIAGARA. 

One of the greatest natural curiosities in the world, are situated 22 miles below 
Lake Erie and 14 above Ontario. The height of the Falls is 160 feet, and in conse¬ 
quence of a bend in the river the principal weight of water is thrown over the 
Canadian Horse Shoe Fall, with a noise like that of thunder. 

GOAT ISLAND. 

Contains 75 acres, and.extends to the brow of the precipice, dividing the 
river into two parts. At the lower end it pre.sents a perpendicular mass of rock 
from the bottom to the top of the precipice. From .the Terrapin Tower a grand 
view may be had of the waters as they i)lunge down the abyss. 

TABLE ROCK. 

A si olving projection on the Canadian side, at the edge of the precipice, and Is 160 
feet high. From this point it is thought the best view of the Falls may be obtained; 
and it lum been computed that 100 millions of tons of water are discharged over the 
precipice every hour. 

TWELVE OTHER VIEWS OP NIAGARA, taken from as many 
different points. 

BLONDIN ON THE TIGHT-ROPE,-{3 Views.) 

Representing some of the astoni.shlng feats performed by that noted acrobat at 
Niagara, and takeu by our special artist. 

SUSPENSION BRIDGE.—(5 Views.) 

This gre.at work spans the. Niagara River mile below the Falls. It is 800 
feet in hmgth, 40 feet in widtii, and 200 feet above the surface of the water. The 
upper portion of the bridge forms the railway, and beneath is a large and commo¬ 
dious road for c.aniagcs and foot passengers. 

R. R. BRIDGE OVER THE SUSQXJEHANNAH. 

This celebrated bridge over t!ic river at Harrisburg, is 2,876 feet long, 50 feet 
above the water, and 40 feet wide. 

NEW BRIDGE AT TRENTON, N. J. 

Across the Delaware, at the foot of the falls, or Rapids; is 1,100 feet long, resting 
on 5 arches supported on stone pier.s. ° 

GENESEE FALLS. I 

■Within the limits of the City of Rochester, the River Genesee has a total descent jj 
of 2»;9 feet, in which there are three successive fulls of 96, 20, and 105 feet, and 2 
Rapids. The immense water ]^o\vcr secured by these falls is used by numerous 
flouring mills and factories, and the river above them is crossed by the railway. 

HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD. 

A fine view taken near Poughkeepsie. 

WEST POINT. 

Picturesquely situated on the west bank of the Hmison, in the highlands 
among the richest mountain and river scencrv imaginable, i.s the U. S. Military 
Academy fmnded by Act ot Congress, in 1802.’' West Point was fortified durin"^ 
tborevolutioD, and the remaiua of Forts butnam and Clinton are still to bo seen “ 




THIRTEEN OTHER VIEWS ON THE HUDSON. 

Taken near the Palisades, Poughkeepsie, Sing-Sing, Hudson, &c—shewing 
Sunnyside, the home of Washington Irving—and a varietj'^ of scenes in the high¬ 
lands. 

FORT LAFAYETTE. 

At the Narrows on fhe Eastern shore of Long Island, one of the defensive works 
of our city, formerly called Fort Diamond, and built on a reef of rocks 200 yards 
from the shore. 

THE HIGH BRIDGE AT HARLEM. 

A truly magnificent work, 1450 feet long, with 14 piers, 8 of them bearing arches 
80 feet span, and 7 others 50 feet span, 114 feet above tide-water. Over this bridge 
the Croton water for the supply of the city of New York is carried. 

TIP TOP HOUSE, WHITE MOUNTAINS. x 

On the summit of Mount Washington, 6254 feet high, from which a magnificent 
view may bo obtained of the Atlantic Ocean at Portland, 65 miles in a direct line 
to the 8. E. This mountain is frequently ascended by travellers, who, if they are 
fortunate in having a clear sky, are recompensed for the journey by a grand and 
extensive prospect. 

BUNKER HILL MONUMENT. 

On the site of the celebrated battle fought 17th June, 1775, in which the 
Americans lost 419 in killed and wounded, and the British 1,055. The monument 
was completed 23d July, 1842. Its form is an obelisk, 30 feet square at the base, 
and 16 feet 4 inches at the top. It is ascended by 294 steps, and is 221 feet high. 

WASHINGTON’S HEADOUARTERS. 

A venerable looking building on Long Island, familiar to many who know 
Brooklyn and its vicinity. It was here that General Washington held his head 
quarters during the Eevolutionary War. 


SOUTH AMERICA. 


CEOSSIMG THE ANDES. 

Conveying a vivid idea of the perilous mode of transit through the mountain 
fastnesses of South America. 


SCENES IN EOUADOR. 


Showing the exuberance of Tropical vegetation, and a distant view of the 
Andes. 


VIEW OP aUITO. 


Capital of the Republic of Equador, situated in a ravino of the volcano 
Pichincha, at an elevation of 9,543 feet above the sea. Population, 50,000. It is 
well built, has several handsome squares, a cathedral, town hall, and the palaces 
of the Archbishop and President of the Rcimblic. Eleven snow-capped mouu- 
taius are in view of Quito. 


WEST INDIES. 

MORO CASTLE, 

At ITavnna, Cuba, Is one of the defences of the harbour. Havana was 
founded by Velasquez in 1511, and its cathedral contains the remains of Columbus. 







CANADA. 




VIEW OF QUEBEC, 

A strongly fortified City and aeaport at the confluence of the rivers Bt. Charles 
tind 8t. Lawrence, and has been called the Gibraltar of America. Cnpe Diamond 
aises above it to a height of 840 feet. The city was taken from the French under 
Montcalm, in 1759, by General Wolfe, and has since remained in the possession of 
tbo British. Population about 50,000. 

VICTORIA BRIDGE, AT MONTREAL. ^ 

Nine thousand foiir hundred and thirty-seven feet in length, or somewhat over 
a mile and three-quarters. The tubes rest on twenty-four abutments, 60 feet 
nbove high water level, the centre 8p*)n being 333 feet long. The total cost of the 
work is said to have been 7,500,000 dollars. 


ARCTIC VIEWS. 


TAKEN DURING Dk. KANE’S VOYAGE OF DISCOVERT TO THE 

ARCTIC REGIONS:— 

VIEW OF GODHAVEN, GREENLAND. 

Situated on the island of Disko, in latitude 69® 12', is the residence of the 
Northern Inspector, and contains a population of about 250. Greenland, the most 
southerly point of which is Cape Farewell, was first discovered by a Norwegian, 
in 9S1, and soon after colonized from Iceland. The first of modern settlements 
was established in 1721, under the auspices of the Danish Crown. The whole 
population in 1S51 was 9,400, of whom all, except 250, were Esqiiira.iux, the num¬ 
ber of Cliristians being 1,100, chiefly in charge of the Moravians, Above latitude 
65® North, Is an impenetrable barrier of ice and snow. Hot springs are numerous, 
but there are no volcanoes. 

THE THREE BEAUTIES OF GODHAVEN, 

Or fashionable ladies of the place, attired in suits of sealskin. 

RETURN OF DR. KANE’S SLEDGE PARTY. 

From an attempt to discover the open water supposed to exist around the 
North Po'e. The boat represented here, phaced on Runners, is “the Faith” 
which rendered the expedition so much service at various times. 

ESQUIMAUX HOUSE. 

Constructed of Snow. The interior is heated by oil lamps, which are kept 
burning day and night. The Esquimaux, though simple In their habits are good 
tempered, moral, and affectionate; but only about one-tenth of their number 
have .any conception of the Deity. 

Esquimaux Sledge Party. 

“ Dancing. 

“ Camp. 

“ Tribe. 

'Three Captured W^alruses. 

The “Advance” at Littleton Island. 

Falls in Greenland, 240 feet in height. 

Raising the U. S. Flag over the Newly Discovered Wash-* 
ington Land. 

Portrait of Dr. Kane. 

Tomb of Dr. Ka.ne, in the Cemetery at Laurel Hill. 


ill 





GREAT BRITAIN 


ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL, LONDON. 

The (rreatest Architectural Monument of the Metropolis, occupies the summit 
of Ludcate Hiii, where its foundations were la d on June 2l3t, 1075, on the site of 
old 8t raul's, which was de.stroyed by fire in 1600. The present edifice wasfinish- 
ed in 1710, and Sir Christopher Wren, by whom it was rlesifrned, lived to witness 
tts completion. It is 510 feet in length from East to West, while tlie transept is 
250. The breadth of the west Front is ISO fe.ct, and the height of the walls 110. 
Height to the top of the Dome 404 feet, tind that of e.ach of the two Clock towers 
222. 8t. Paul's was erected at an e.xpensa of £747,951 2.s. 9(1 , which was paid by 
levying a tax on coal. Am(>ng.st the Monuments in the Cathedral, are those to 
Lord Nelson, Sir Ralph Abercromby, Sir Joshua Ileynolds, Sir John Moore, 
Howard, and Dr. Johnson. It is also the resting-place of the Duke of Wellington, 
who lies side by side with Nelson. 

WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 

Next to 8t. Paul’s the finest ecclesiastical edifice in London. It dates from 
the reigns of Henry III, and Edward I, when it wjvs erected cn the site of the 
Saxon Minster founded by Bebert; length 860 feet, and breadth 195. The beautiful 
Chapel at the cast end wa.3 added by Henry VII, and the two towers are the works 
of Sir Christopher Wren. In this (Cilice the Kings and Queens of England from 
Edward the Confessor to Queen Victoria, have been Crowned. In the south 
transept, are the tombs of Poets from Chaucer to Campbell, and hence the name 
of Poets’ Corner given to it. In other parts are monuments to Statesmen, War¬ 
riors, Philosophers, Divines, Patriots, and other emineut individuals. 


SOMERSET HOUSE. 

This building contains some of the Pu'olic Offices, and is a spacious and hand¬ 
some quadrangle finished iu 1782, from designs by Sir W. Chambers. Its north 
Fajade, 200 feet in length, faces the Strand, and its front, 800 feet long, overlooks 
the river. 

WINDSOR CASTLE.—(2 Views.) 

The principal residence of the Sovereigns of England; originally built by 
William the Conqueror, and embellished by most of the succeeding Sovereigns, 
The great Park of Wind.sor contains 3,800 acres, well stocked with Deer, and west 
cf it is SVindsor Forest, 56 miles in circuit, and In which was the celebrated oak 
of Herne the Hunter. 

CHAPEL OF KENILWORTH CASTLE. 

This beautiful Chapel and a portion of tlio Abbey foundi^d in 1122, with the 
massive keep and ruins of the Crvstlo, have justly laid claim to Europe.an celebrity 
since Sir Walter Scott made it the scene of his striking novel of Kenilworth. It 
remained entire until sacked by the soldiers of Cromwell. 


CASTLE OF ASHBY de la ZOUCHE. 

One of those fine old memorials of Feudalism which are scattered broadcast 
over England, leading us back to former Centuries and pointing to historical in¬ 
cidents. It was also the scene of the tournament spoken of by Sir 'Walter Scott 
in his novel of Ivanhoe. _ 

ROBINSON CRUSOE, 


Depicting the subject of Daniel Defoe’s celebrated work, founded on the 
reoiurkable ud^enturea of the liritiah Sailor, Alexander Selkirk, who was wrecked 
on the Island of Juan Fernandez, in the Pacific Ocean. 


FOUNTAIN OF VENUS, OSBORNE. 

Osborne, in the Isle of Wight, is the m.arine residence of the Queen of Eng¬ 
land, and Is about U from W. Cowes. The estate comprises 1500 acres. 

ROUND TOWER AT LEITH, SCOTLAND. 

One of the most interesting objects in the town, ^ Leith numbers about 35,000 
Inhabitants and l)as been the scene of many a warlike conflict. In 1541 it was 
burned by an English fleet, and in 1549 it was taken by the I rench troops who 
came to the assistance of Mary of Guiso, Subsequently Cromwell repaired its 
fortifications. 



PRANCE 


THE CITY OF PARIS.—(8 Views.) 

After London, the largest and most populous in Europe; numbers about 
1,026,000 Inhabitantp. It has recently been fortified at an expense of $100,000,000. 
The Seine is crossed by 2T bridges, 7 of which are suspension. The most noficeable 
are those of Austerliiz and Jena, built and named after those celebrated victories 
of L’apoleon. Paris contains numerous Churclies, Monuments, and works of Art, 
which latter are principally collected in the Galiery of the Louvre. 

2JOTIIE DAME CATHEDRAL.. 

The most celebrated of the many churches of Paris, Is situated on an island 
in the Seine. It is flanked by two massive towers, which rise to a height of 
204 feet. The length of the Church is 390 feet, width 144, and height of v’aulting 
102 leet. It is built in an early and pure style of pointed architecture. Imme¬ 
diately in front of the Grand Altar a white marble star marks the spot where the 
first Napoleon stood at the time of his marriage to Josephine. The vestmenta 
worn by the celebrants upon that occasion are still j.reserved in the sacristy. 

COLUMN VENDOME, 

Fronting the Rue Rivoli, occupies the centre of an irregular Octagon, and is 
a lofty column modeled after that of Tr-ajan at Rome. It is covered with bas- 
reliefs cast from 1200 cannon taken in War. 

HOTEL de VILLE.—(6 different Views.) 

This splendid building, notorious for the murders committed in it during tho 
Revolution, forms an immense qnadrangie with four beautiful facades. Over the 
Central Portal is a bas-relief of Henry IV, and in the wall a series of niches filled 
with, statues of the most celebrated Magistrates. 

THE TUILERIES,-(3 Views.) 

6o called from the Tile Works which formerly occupied its site. It was com¬ 
menced by Catlierine de Medici, in 1504; was enlarged by Henry IV, and brought 
to it-s present state by Louis XIV. Its extreme length is 1,00S feet, and its breadth 
108 feet. It was for many centuries the. residence of the Sovereigns, and here 
Napoleon was carried in triumph up the grand staircase upon his return from 
Elba. 


THE LOUVRE.-(2 Viev/s.) 

This building is still called a Palace, though it has long been used as a reposi¬ 
tory for works of Art. It contains a mag .ificc.nt collection of Paintings and 
Statuary of the Italian, Greek, and Flemish schools, and is one of the finest 
Galleries of Art in existence. 

THE PANTHEON, 

Or church of 8t. Genevieve, is nearly in the form of a Greek cross, having a 
large do l e which rise.s to a height of 2S2 feet. It i.s 288 feet long by 252 feet 
broad, and is entered by a portico of 22 finted Corinthian columns CO feet high, 
and C feet in diameter, supporting a triangular pediment of vast dimensions. 

PLACE de la CONCORDE. 

I>y far the finest in the city; contain.s numerous handsome buildings, A:e. The 
most conspicuous Monument with which it is adorned is an obelisk 80 feet in 
lieight, transported from Luxor in Egypt. 

THE ARCH OP TRIUMPH 

Was decreed by Napoleon in ISOG; commenced same v’ear; work suspended In 
1814; completed in 1836, and cost $2,000,000, Upon tho Arch are some splendid 
bas-rebefs, representing the Departure, the Return, War, and Peace, 




CHtTRCH OF THE MAGDAEENiE. 

A modern structure of singular niagniflcence, standing on a raised i)latforin 
fronting the Rue Kivoli. Its style is purely Grecian. A colonnade of 52 isolated 
Corinthian Columns goes completely around the building; and in the walls oppo¬ 
site to the spaces between the pillars are niches filled with colos.sal figures of 
Saints. The sculptured pediment, at the S. end, is said to be the largest in 
existence, and is filled by an immense Alto Relievo, by Lamaire, many of the 
figures being of gigantic dimen.^ions. The interior consists of one unbroken navej. 
lined with rich marbles, and lighted by four circular windows in the richly gilded 
roof. The edifice is surpassingly gorgeous. 

THE BOURSE, OR EXCHANGE, 

In the Rue Vivienne, is a beautiful modern structure, completed in IS‘26, Is in. 
form of a parallelogram, 212 by 12(5 ft., surrounded by 06 columns supi^orting an 
entablature forming a covered gallery. It is the great money market of the Con¬ 
tinent, and rules it as Wall street does the United States. 

GUNS OF THE INVAEIDES. 

In front of that noble, benevo'ent institution, where 5,000 pensioners are 
annually cared for. Its.gilded dome is the most cons])icuous object in Paris, and 
beneath it repose the remains of the first Mapoleon. The building is 612 feet long, 
and four stories high. 

THE PORT OF MARSEILLES. 

A City in the South of France, 420 miles S. S. E. of Paris. Population, 142,000. 
The entrance to the harbor is so narrow as to admit only one ves^^el at a time, 
and is defended by the twofortsof St. John and St. Nicholas. The Harbour, which is 
one of the most capacious in France, can accommodate 1,200 vessels. Marseilles 
was founded by the Phoeuiciaus in 600 n. o., and served them as a refuge from 
the tyranny of Cyrus. 

THE CASTLE OF VERSAILLES. 

This magnificent Palace was built by Louis XIV, and restored by Louis Philippe 
From 1672 till 1790, it was tho residence of the Kings of France. Many treaticb 
have been signed here, at one of which, in 17S3, England recognized the Indepen¬ 
dence of the United States of America. 

CITY OF LYONS, AND MILITARY BRIDGE. 

Second in France in population and commercial importance, contains about 
275,000 inhabitants. It has a valuable Library and Museum, and several handsome 

S iiblic edifices. It was founded b. c. 43. Lj'ons was destroyed by fire, rebuilt by 
ero, ruined by Severus, and restored by Constantine. It is the birth-place of 
Gcrmanicus. 

ARRIVAL OF A SHIP AT HAVRE.-(5 Views.) 

A fortified town of France near the mouth of the Seine. It i.s a fortress of tho 
first class, and next to Marseilles the most important port in France, having 
accommodation for over 500 vessels. Cape de la II6ve, forming the northern 
extremity of the Il.arbour, is surmounted by two lighthouses, 50 feet in height; 
the.se, which are 825 feet apart, exhibit powerful fixed lights. The principal trade 
of Havre is wiih the United States and Northern Europe. It was founded by 
Loui.s XII, in 1.509 ; held by the English in 1562, and bombarded by them in 167S 
and 1759. Birth-place of Madame de la Fayette, Bernardin St. Pierre, &e. 

FONTAINEBLEAU—SALOON OF LOUIS Xm.-(2 Views.) 

Situated in the middle of one of the finest forests in France. It is celebrated 
for its ancient and vast Royal Palace, long the favorite residence of tho sovereigns 
of France, and surrounded* with magnificent gardens and parks. The jiulace is 
decorated with the finest tapestries, frescoes, and painlines. The town is the birth¬ 
place of Philip IV, Henri III, and Louis XIII. Pope Pius VII. wnis detained here 
for 18 months; and here Napoleon signed ids first abdication in 1814. 

THE OITY AND OATHEDRAL OF TOURS. 

Population 26,000. Situated at tiie extremity of a fine, plain. The Bridg^^ 
across the Loire is one of the finest in Europe. The chietbuild ng.< in the city are 
the Cathedral, a gothic structure, with a turreted front, built by Henry V. of Eng¬ 
land, the Episcopal Palace, Tribunal of Commerce, and Library of 32,000 vols. la 
Ua vicinity is PIcssis lea Tours, where Louis XI. died in 14S3. 


STBASBOURG, SHOWING THE THEATRE. 

A. strondy fortified city of France, on Ita'E. Frontier, especially noted for ite vast 
•Cathedral, founded a. d. f)04. The present edifice is cbictly modern, begun in the 
10th but not finished till the 15th century, with a spire 4l)(> teet in height, or ^ feet 
lii^^her than St. Peter’s at Eome. Choir built by Charlemagne. The building is 
In'every part richly decorated %vith sculpture, and it has a reniarkab e astronomical 
■clock and fine glass windows. Strasbourg is the birth-place of Marshal Edlcrman, 
General Kleber, and of Pierre Schoetfer, who contests with Guttenburg the honor 
•of the invention of printing. 

PREFECTURE AT STRASBOURG. 

A handsome building lately added to the list of tho.so which adorn the city, 
and considered one of the finest specimens of a structure devoted to the Bureau of 
Police in the world. 


SPAIlsr. 

-»— 

CITY OF CARTHAGENA. 

A celebrated Seaport of Spain, population about 23,000, strongly fortified. It 
has numerous churches and public buildings, and inanufactures of cordage and glass. 
It was taken by Scipio b. c. 208, at which period Livy states it was one of the richest 
cities in the world. It was rained by the Goths, and its modern importance dates 
only from the time of Philip 11. 

CITY OF MALAGA. 

Situated in a bay of the Mediterranean, Is built in the form of an amphitheatre. 
It has several handsome public edifices, the chief being its splendid Cathedral, with 
a spire 803 feet high. It has important manufactures, and a large trade in wines 
and fruits. Malaga has suffered severely from plagues, which on one occasion cut 
off 20,000 of the population in 40 (iny.s. 

FOUNTAIN OF APOLLO AT APvANJUEZ. 

Aranjuoz is a town and Eoyal Kesidence of Spain on the left Bank of the Tagus, 
2T miles from Madrid, popuhition, 4,000. As a place of recreation for the Court, 
thi.s combines all that is useful and agreeable, hotels, cafes, and numerous public 
baildings, spacious streets, elegant squares, theatres, and bull-rings. 

CITY OF TOLEDO AND CHURCH OF ST. JOHN. 

A famous city of Spain, once noted for its sword blades,—^had formerlyapopula- 
(lou of 2 10,000, but in 18to only 18,481. Its Cathedral was founded in 5S7, is 404 
feet in length, and 204 feet wide, with a lofcy tower and spire. It has many hand¬ 
some public edifices, a University, Colleges, an Amphitheatre, and some w^alls of 
the Ancient Toletiiin, which still attest its importance under the Itoman.s. Toledo 
w’n.s taken by the Goths in 4G7. and by the Moors in 714, and was permantly annexed 
to the Crown of Castile in 10S5. 

PANORAMA OF CADIZ FROM THE CATHEDRAL. 

A strongly fortified city of Spain, population, 54,000. It is a fortress of the 
first order, surrounded by walls, and defended by batteries, and being on an elevated 
site and built of stone, it has a beautiful appearance from the sea. The public 
buildings of Cadiz include two cathedrals, two theatres, arsenal, naval college and 
light-house of St. Seba.stian, 172 feet high. The city was taken by the English in 
1506, and bombarded by them in 1800. In 1823 it surrendered to the French. 




ITALY 


ROME PROM THE CAPITOL. 

This ancient and once magnificent city, which has now a population of ahoiit 
176,000 inhabitants, was founded 753 years B. C. It lias passed successively under 
the dominion of tlie Ostrogoths and Emperors of the East, and became tlie Ca[)i- 
tal of the States of the Church in the Eighth Century, when it was given to the 
Popes by Pepin and Charlemagne. Pome, from its connection with" history and 
the many splendid monuments which are left to point us back to its former magnifi* 
cence. is one of the mo.st interesting cities in the world. The wa’.ls of Rome 
are fifteen miles in circumference, and are pierced for eighteen gates. 

THE COLISEUM. 

At Rome is one of the grandest ruins connecting the present with the tr.agical 
ancient period. It w.as built by the combined labor of 13,000 Jew and Christian 
captives. It derived its name from the colossal statue of the emperor hlero, which 
once stood in its centre, the pedestal of which .still remains, lle.-e it was th.at the 
celebrated gl.idi.atorial coinb.ats were held, and Jews and Ctiristians alike were 
butchered to make a Roman holiday. 

THE VATICAN. 

Adjoining St. Peter's Church, is the largest palace in Europe. It is said to 
contain 442‘2 Halls, Chapels and other apartments. Itliec.ame the permanent resi¬ 
dence of tho Popes upon their return from Avignon in 1377. Its Galleries .and 
Halls were decorated by Raphael and Mich.ael Angelo. Two of them contain tha 
famous library of 100,000 printed books and 2.5,000 MSS., while in one of its 
museums are the celebrated group of the Laocoon and the Apollo Belvidere. 

SAINT PETER’S CHURCH. 

The largest and most imposing ecclesiastical edifieo in the "World. It was 
begun under Pope Julius 11.. in"l50G; planned an<l commenced by Bramante, 
.altered and carried on by Raphael and Michael Angelo Buonarotti. The extreme 
length is 607 feet, width 396, and height to the top of the cross41S. It occupied a 
period of 176 years in building, and 350 years to perfect it. It cost 48.000,000 
of dolLars, .and is kept in rep.air at an annual e.vpense of $30,000, The building 
covers 8 acres, occupies tho site of Nero’s Circus, and stands on tho spot where 
St. Peter was martyred. 

GARDENS OP BOBOLI, 

In Florence, Tuscany, contain tho Pitti Pal.ace, the residence of the Grand Duke. 
The City, which numbers about 111,000 inhabitants, is one of tho finest in Europe, 
and contains the celebrated Florentine Gallery, in whieh i.s the richest collection 
of Paintings. Sculpture and antiquities in existence. Tho library numbers 
140,000 printed volumes, and 11,000 MSS. The I’ublic Buildings, especially the 
Cathedral, are very splendid, and the City is the birth-place of Dante, Michael 
Angelo, Leonardo da Vinci, B>>cc.accio, Petrarch, Galileo, and Pope Leo X. 

PANORAMA OF VENICE.-(4 Views.) 

For m.any Centurie.s tho Caiiital of a celebrated Republic, and In the middle 
ages the first commercial City in the world. The State attained the height of its 
|»rosperity in the fifteenth century, and began to decline in the sixt.'enth century, 
Its overthrow being completed by the French in 1797. 

THE BRIDGE OF SIGHS-(2 Views) 

Connects the former Palace of the Doge, bniltby M.arinoFaliero, in the Fourteenth 
Century, wMth the former prisons and dungeons of the Inquisition. 

THE RIALTO BRIDGE. 

Tho Grand Canal, which is 100 to 180 feet wide, and bordered by magnificent 
palaces, separates the city into nearly two equal parts, which .are connected by 
the Rialto Bridge, built of white marble and consisting of .a single aecA. 

RUIN3 OF POMPEII.-(2 Views.) 

This ancient town of Southern Italy, 18 miles Sonth-e.ast of Naples, at the foot 
of Mount Ve.suvius, was destroyed by an Eruption of that volcano in the.year 7'J, 
buried in cinders and lava, and so remained vjutil it \yas rediscovered in.1755. It 


appears to have been surroumled by walls and entered by pates, six of which have 
been already exposed. Most of the emaller objecls, such as Statues, Urns, Uten¬ 
sils and Manuscripts which have been exhumed, are now in the Museum of Naples 
and the Palace at Portici. 

LEANING TOWER AT PISA, 

Or famous Oampanilo, is ITS feet in height and 50 feet in diameter, built of 
marble. The topmost story overhangs its base about 13 feet. 

CHURCH OF ST. MARK IN VENICE. 

Is the most inugnificent structure in the City, with Its golden ceilings, its p.ave- 
jnents of Jasper and I’orjdiyry, and its 500 coiumns of black, white and veined 
marble. Bronze iin:l Alabaster.' Over the portals of this splendid Temple, the four 
celebrated bronze horse.s, founded at Corinth, and which successively adorned 
Atlien.s, liome, Constantinople. Venice, and Paris, were replaced in 1815, wlien 
the Allies entered the Capital of the French Empire, and re.storod to the countries 
plundered by Napoleon, the Works of Art taken from them. 

CHURCH OF ST. ANTOINE, PADUA. 

Next to the cathedral, the chief ornament of the city. At the Univer¬ 
sity of Padua, founded in the thirteenth century, Tasso and Columbus studied. 
The city has a population of about 60,000, and is the birth-place of Titus Livius, 
and Belzoni, tho African traveller. 

PANORAMA OF MILAN. 

Population 161,000. The City is surrouudeil by w.alls and ramparts, 8 miles in 
circumference, and is entered by 10 (r.ates. It.s public buildings are very hand¬ 
some, especially its Cathedral. The Libraries number 80,000 volumes, and 14,000 
MSS. Milan is very ancient, being founded 400 B. C. It was inhabited and 
embellished by many of tlio Roman Emperors. Virgd studied here, and it is the 
birth-place of many eminent men. 

CATHEDRAL OP MILAN. 

A splendid structure of white marble, and one of the finest ecclesiastical edi¬ 
fices in Europe. It stands in a square ne.ar the centre of the city, was begun in 
1386, and is still unfinished. It is adorned with 50U0 statues, and for the delicacy 
of its carved work, is unrivalled in the world. The length is 485 feet, breadth 
U62, and height of Dome 355. 

BRIDGE AT ALEXANDRIA IN PIEDMONT. 

This bridge crosses the river Tonaro, and is built in a peculiarly massive manner. 
Not far from it. in an extensive plain, is the little village of Marengo, celebrated 
for the great victory gained by NajKdeon over the Austrians, on the 14th of June. 
1800. 

VERONA, THE CAPITAL OF AUSTRIAN ITALY, 

roptil.atlon 48,000, is situated near the gorges of tlie Tyrol, and defended by three 
tormidable fortre.'Ses. Among its public buildings, the Churches are particularly 
iioticeahlc; the Church of St. Anastasia for its great size and the number of ii.s 
monuments, and that of St. George for its fine paintings. The Church of St. Zeno 
is supposed to date from the Seventh century, and the"Cathedral was built in the 
Ninth century. Verona is the birth-place of Cornelius Nepos, Catullus, the Elder 
Pliny, .and other distinguished men. 

PANORAMA OF TURIN. 

The Capit.al of S.ardinia, is approached by four planted roads, and regularly built 
with elegant houses. The chief buildings in the city are the olr! Palace (Tthe'Dukes 
of Savoy, the several pnhlio otfices; Universitv, Roval Palace and Cathedral 
The latter was formerly very wealthy in plate and jewels, which Napoleon sold, 
and applied the proceeds to embank and build the' bri(l<re over the I’o. In the 
Royal Academy of Sciences is a rich Collection of Eavptiau Antiquities, Medals 

nearly five miles in circumference, and has a population 

01 lo7,000. 

FEDERAL PLACE, TURIN. 

A beautiful squ.arc in the city, adjacent to the Strada del Po, which leads to a 
Bridge of five arches .across the River. 


TRAJAN’S COLUMN 

Has always been regarded as the finest historical column existing; it stands clos» 
to the Northern side of the excavation, and, as may be learned from an inscription 
yet legible, on its pedestal, was erected bv the Senate and Eoman people in hoaor 
of Trajan's victories over the Dacians. Though it is supposed that he never saw 
It completed, inasmuch as it was not finished'till about the period of the Parthian 
wars, from which the Emperor did not live to return. In a crypt under the pe- 
dtstal his remains are said to have been deposited; but other authorities affirm 
that the ashes were contained in a brazen globe, placed in the hand of the statue 
of Trajan, that once crowned the column. The figure which now occupies the 
gummit is that of St. Peter, erected there by Sixtus V., who caused the excava¬ 
tions to be made. The height of the column, including the statue, is 143 feet. 
The statue is about Hi f«et high. The column is composed of 34 blocks of white 
marble, 23 of which, laid all the way to tlie top in a spiral band, are covered with 
bas-reliefs having reference to tho victories of Trajan over the Dacians. The 
human figures alone are said to number 2500, and with the horses form an admir¬ 
able study of antique sculpture, as they are of considerable size, above two feet 
"high, and in good preservation. 


SWITZERLAND. 


TOWN OF GENEVA.—(3 Views.) 

The most indnstriousin Switzerland ; surrounded by walls. It Is celebrated for 
its watches, 100,000 «>f which are made annually, employing 3,000 workmen. Ge¬ 
neva has produced many learned men, among whom may be mentioned Calvin, 
Beza, Cranmer, Le Sage, Saussure, Lefort, Neckar and Kousseau. 

MONT BIJkNC AND CHAlVIOUNIX.-(3 Views.) 

This mountain, 15,000 feet in height, and the loftiest in Europe, has been 
ascended on several occasions by adventurous travellers. Amongst the number 
by Albert Smith and De Saussure. The village of Chamounix, 8,425 feet above the 
sea, and the valley, are the most celebrated in the Alps for their picturesque beauty 
end the wild grandeur of the Mountains and Glaciers. 

VTEW OF BERNE. 

Population 28,000, The finest town in Switzerland, and one of the mosthand- 
eome in Europe. It possesses many splendid edifices, the chief being its Gothic 
Cathedral. Berne was surrounded by walls in 1191, and declared a free city in 
1218. It is the birth-place of Haller. 

GENERAL ViEW OF SION, 

Capital of tho Canton Valais, near the Rhone, 50 miles south of Berne. Popu¬ 
lation 2.600. It is defended by 8 Castles, surrounded by walls, aad has many 
Cretins in Its vicinity. 


BELGIUM. 


TOWN HAEI,, GHENT. 

Ghent is a strongly fortified town, surrounded by walls 7 or 8 miles in circum¬ 
ference, and entered by 7 gates. It is intersected by numerous canals which divide 
t|lt into 26 islands, and which are connected by 70 bridges. The public buildings 
are numerous and handsome, and include the Cathedral with a tower 289 feet, high, 
the Town Hall and the Church of 8t. Michael, containing tho famous Crucifixion 
by Vandyke. Important manufactures are carried on in the city, and it w as here 
"that a treaty of peace between the States of America and Groat Britain was con¬ 
cluded in 1814. 






GERMANY AND PRUSSIA. 


• 7 IEW Oj? FRAlfKPORT ON THE MAIN. 

A famous commercial city of Germany with a population of 68,000. Its public 
buildings are numerous and handsome, and outside tho Friedburg gate is a monu¬ 
ment to tho Hessians who fell there in defending Frankfort in 1794. The immortal 
Goethe was born here, 2Sth August, 1749. 

COLOGNE CATHEDEAL.—(3 Views.) 

A vast and beautiful church, one of the noblest edifices in Prussia—begun in 
1248 and still unfinished. Subscriptions were ma<le some years ago for carrying it 
on, and the first stone of the new buildinsrs was laid by the King of Prussia in 1842. 
The Mennonite Church adjacent has in it the tomb of Duns iScotua. 

RiriNS OP A ROMAN CASTLE AT TREVES. 

The City of Treves, population 18,000, is situated on the right bank of the 
Moselle, and is remarkable for its imi) 08 ing ruins of Koman edifices. Amongst 
the number may be mentioned this ancient and now ruined Castle, built in the 
most solid manner of Kom.an brick. The City was for some time the residence of 
Constantine the Great and other Roman Emperors. 

BINGEN ON THE RHINE. 

A town of Germany, population about 5,000, who manufacture leather and raise 
superior wines. It owes its origin to tho Roman Castle or Klopp of Drusus. 
Near it the Rhine, breaking through the mountains, forms a dangerous rapid at 
Bingerloch. 

THE MOUSE TOWER 

Near Bingen, is situated on an island in the Rliine, and was erected for a toll 
house in the 13th Century. 

PART OF THE ABBEY OF BACHARACH. 

On the left bank of the Rhine. Blucher crossed the river here on the 1st Jan¬ 
uary, 1814. 

COBLENTZ ON THE RHINE. 

A strongly fortified c'ty of Rhenish Prussia, with a population of 18,700. It is 
well built; has several fine Churches and public buildings, and is the birth-place- 
of Prince Metternich. Coblentz was takei* by the French in 1794 after an obsti¬ 
nate resistance. It has some remains of the Roman period, 

RUINS OF AN EPISCOPAL CHAPEL AT ANDERNACH. 

Andernach is a town in Prussia 10 miles northwest of Coblentz, with important 
mamifiictures of Hydraulic Cement, made from Volcanic tufa, and employed ia 
the construction of the Dykes of Holland. 

VIEW OF DRACHENFELS. 

A celebrated mountain peak in Rhenish Prussha, on the right b.ank of the 
Rhine 10 miles southeast of Bonn. Elevated 1,056 feet Its summit crowned by 
the ruins of a castle, commands a noble prospect 

INTERIOR OP CATHEDRAL OP CONSTANCE. 

Constance, a strongly fortified city in the Grand Duchy of Baden. Its chief* 
edifices are the Cathedral, a magnificent structure founded in the Eleventh Cen¬ 
tury, the Kiurf Haus in which the famous Council .sat from 1414 to 1418, and which, 
deposed three anti-p<'])e.<i, and condemned Hus? and Jerome of Prague; an ancient 
Palace and Grand Ducal Residence. 



RUSSIA, 


VIEW OF ST. PETEESBUBQ. 

One of the finest cities in Europe nnd Capital of the Russian Empire. Founded 
"by Peter the Great in 1703. It contains n Cathedral built after the model of 8t. 
Peter’s at Rome; 158 bridges, a University founded in 1319, and an Imperial 
Library of 420,000 volujiies, and 7C00 in MfeS. Next to London and Hamburg it 
has tlio most important foreign trade in Europe. Close to the quay is a fine, eques¬ 
trian statue to Peter the Great on a huge block of granite. Population 633,00'J. 

MOSCOW ATtTD THE KilSMLIN. 

Population 350,000. Founded by the Moguls in tho 12th Century, and subse¬ 
quently sacked by them. It has stood several sieges, and %ya3 occupied by tho 
3'’rench in 1812 ; but after tho battle of Borodino, the Russian general set it on 
fire .and ihu.s compelled tho Frencli to commence their disastrous retreat. Tho 
ancient Kremlin is ntnv rei)laced by a magnificent structure, the new Kremlin, 
completed m 1850, couiiKising several palaces, and ornamented with tho finest 
statuary and sculi)ture. 

THE GREAT BELL AT MOSCOW. 

The largest over founded, 21 feet high, 20 feet in diameter, and weighing ICOO 
tons. It was presented to the Church of tlte Kremlin by the Czarina Anne. At 
the lime ot the destruction of the Kremlin it fell from the beam, by which it wa.s 
suspended, to the t ourt-yard below, and a large piece broken out of it. It lay for 
a long time embedded in the soil, but was raised and placed on a pedestal in 1833 
by tho Czar Nicholas, and dedicated as a chapel to the service of tho Virgin, 

GATE OF THE REDEEMER. 

One of the five entrances to t’ue Kremlin, and through whose awe-commanding 
portals no mule, not even the Emperor and Autocrat of all the iiassias, cun pass, 
except with uncovered head and bonded body. 


BOHEMIA. 


THB BIIIDGE OF PBAGXTE 

Across tho Moldau, the. river on which Prague is built, is 1,855 feet long, con¬ 
structed of stone and ornamented with groups of statuary. At ejich end is a lofty 
tower built In the 15th (’entary. The city has a population of (}8,0(X>, and is tho 
birth-place of Jerome of Prague. 


SAXONY. 


PALACE OF DEESEEIT. 

The Koval EesMenco is a vast .antiquated building, containing the Library, n 
Roman Catholic Church with a spire 378 feet high, and the 8tate Treasury with 
ftn immense collection of valuable property. 


BAVARIA. 

- 1 - 

CITY OF IVIUMICH. 

Showing Grand Gateway. Population 95,000, Amongst the pnhHo buildings, 
which are numerous, may be mentioned the Roval Palace and Library oontaining 
600,000 printed vols. and 18,600 in MSS., and the Cathedral builtin 1463, with two 
towers, each 333 feet high, in which Is a handsome monument to the Emperor 
Louis of Bavaria. 









PALESTINE 


JEEIJSAIiEM, FROM MOUNT ZION,-(4 other Views.) ^ 

Interesting as the scat of the most important events described in Holy Writ, 
la now comprised in the Turkish Pashaship. Its population is variously e timaled 
at from 10.000 to 20,000, though this luunber’is imnually aiigmente<l by a great 
ciowd of Mahomedan, Jewish and Christian people, who about Easter make pil¬ 
grimages to the city. It is two and a half miles in circnmfereuce, and is sur¬ 
rounded by walls of hewn stone, and has probably occupied the same area .sinco 
tlie days of Hadrian. The city is entered by four gates facing the cardinal jioints 
of the compass. It wfis originally taken from the Jehusit*'S by the Ilel.rews 
under Joshua, B. C. 1400, and was almost totally destroyed by the iroox'S of Titus, 
A. 1). 70. 

THE DEAD SEA. 

Th.s length of this rem.arkable lake, supposed to cover the site of the ancient 
cities of Sodom and Gom<»rrah, is 8.o miles, and its width from ten t<» twelve. Its 
depth \3 about 850 fathoms, or 2,100 feet. Its surface is 1,812 feet below that of 
the Mediterranean, and it is thus by far the deepe.st known lis^nre on the earth'.i 
surface The river Jordan enters it on tlie North end. Such is the saltiiess of 
the Besd Sea, that it is stated from Uvo tons of its water 5S9 jiounds of salt and 
magnesia may be procured. Silence reigns supreme around this regiou, snd no 
living thing is known to exist in its waters. 

CITY OF HEBRON. 

One of the most ancient cities in tlie Holy Land, and has now a population of 
6,000 to 10,000. It is unwalled, but has several gates, and a large mosque reputed 
to cover the tombs of Abraham and other jiatriarchs. 

CEDARS OF LEBANON. 

The famous mountain chain of Syria attains its culminating point at .Teb-el- 
Makmel, which rises to a height of 12,000 feet. Near this is a grove of several 
hundred Cedars, eight of which are very large and old. 

CITV OF NABLOUS. 

The .ancient capital of Samaria is 38 miles north of Jeni.s.alem. The popnl.at’on 
Is estiin.ated at 8.000. Near it are various scr ptural localities, including Jacob’s 
Well, and the ruins of a fortrG.s3 erected under Justinian. 

LAKE OF TIBERIAS, 

A famous l.ake of P.aiefitine, fourteen mile.s in length, and eight i i avidth. It 
has a depression of 75,5 loot below the Mcditerra can Se.a. Around it were 
anciently the cities of Tiberias, M.agd.ala, Capern.anm. Ohorazin and Betiis.aida. all 
of which, e.xcept Tiberias, have wholly disappeared. This lake is uliettod by ll 
Budden tempests, one of which is recorded in Iloly Writ. 


SYRIA. 


VIEW CP DAMASCUS. M 

I 

A noted City, once celebrated for its sword blade.s. It was taken bv David —<1 
(see 2 Sam. viii., 6)—but soon regained its independ nee. The ixipulation is 
variously estimated at from 80,000 to 100 , 000 . The City was taken by the Sara¬ 
cens in 632, and in 1832 was c.apturcd by H rahim Pasha. 

TEMPLE OF THE SUN, AT P/lLMVRA. 

One of the noble ruins of a ruined Citv in the Svrian Desert. It occupies fe 
quadrangular space of 220 square yards, and luad 890 columns, 60 of which stfll 












EGYPT. 

-» ■■ ■■ 

THE PYRAMIDS.—(2 Views.) 

Thfse stupendous and wonderful Monuments of a period so far remote, com* 
mence at Ohizeh, a town of Middle Egypt on the West bank of the Nile, three 
miles S'>uth-west of Cairo. The largest, which is that attributed to Cheoj)?, is 
763J feet square at its foundation, covers 13 acres, and rises to a height of 460feetj 
or a hundred feet above the summit of St. Paul’s.—(See M’Cullough’s Geological 
Dictionary, vol. i., page 750.) 

VIEW OP CAIRO, 

This City, the Capital of Egypt, is situated on the right bank of the Nile, five 
miles from the origin of its delta. Population, 250,000, It contains 800 to 400 
mosques, many of them having lofty and graceful minarets. Cairo was founded 
by the Arabs, A. D. 970 ; its citadel was built by Saladin in 1176, and the city is 
now the residence of the Pashas of Egypt. 

DENDERAH. 

A village of Upper Egypt, near the left bank of the Nile, opposite Keneh, im- 

f )orlant for its antiquities, and especially its grand Temple, which is 220 feet la 
engtli and 50 in breadth, having a portico supported by 24 columns. In it is also 
a famous Zodiacal ceiling; its planisphere was removed to Paris in 1822. 

VIEW OP LUXOR. 

A village of Upper Egypt, on the right bank of the Nile, one and a h.alf mile 
south of Karnac, in a portion <d’ the site of .ancient Thebes. Of the many mag¬ 
nificent temples in Egypt that of Luxor probably ranks amongst the first, and* 
few can behold its vast proportions, its labyrinth of columns, and its hierogly- 
phical inscriptions without a feeling of awe and admiration. 

TEMPLE OP EDFOU, 

One of two fine Temples, both of which appear to luave been constructed in the* 
age of the Ptolemies. Edfou is a village in Upper Egypt, on the west bank of the 
Nile, 50 mile.s south-south-east of Thebes, and consi-tiug of a cluster of mud 
huts, around which are some of the finest ruins in Egypt. 

GRAND HALL OP KARNAC. 

This Temple, that of Jupiter Ammon, occupies an area of nine acres, and is In 
m.any respects perfect. It is .situated on the east bank of the Nile, about one and 
a half mile from Luxor, before which were two monolith obelisks, 80 feet iu 
height, one of whieh has been conveyed to Paris, where it is erected in the Place 
de fa Concorde. Not far from this temple are the tombs of the earlier Pharaohs. 
The city was destroyed after its capture by Ptolemy Lathyrus, in the third cen¬ 
tury B. C. 


INDIA. 


TOMB OF MAHOMED SHAH, &c. 

This m.agnificent Mausoleum Is situated at Bej.apore, or the impregnable City. 
It is built of the most solid materials, and adorned with exquisite workmanship. 
■'The mosque and nmnsoleuin of Ibrahim Idil Shah is a noble structure, and will 
bear comparison with the most famous mosque buildings of Northern India. For 
five miles out.side the Fort of Eejafjore the whole area is covered with tombs, and 
I remains similar to those around Delhi. 





STATUARY ARD SCULPTURE. 


THE ARCH OF TRIUMPH. 

THE DEPARTintE. 

Bas-relief l^y Ende, on flic eastern front, northern pier, of the Star Arch in 
Paris, represent.s the departure «)f the French army from the Capital, in 1792. 
The Genius of War, snrmountins' the whole, summons the Nati«m to »rms. end 
warriors of different ages, and in different costumes, are hastening to battle. 
Each figure IS feet higli. 

THE BETURN, or THE TRIUMPH. 

Bas-relief by Oartol, on the eastern side, southern pier, represents the 
triumph of 1810. Victory is crowning Napoleon, I]i8ti«ry recording liis dei-d.^ and 
representatives of vanquished nations are at his feet. Fame suraiouuts the whole. 

WAR. 

Bas-relief hy Etex, represents the resistance of the French to tho 'nvading 
armies in,lS14. A young man is dc.fending his wife, children, and father; a 
warrior is falling slain from his horse. Above all, tlieOeuiusof the Future en¬ 
courages them to action. 


PEACE. 

Bas-relief by Etex, represents the Peace of 1 SI5. A warrior Is seen sheathing 
his sword; anotlier is taming a hull for the jiurposes of agriculture, and children 
are seated at their feet. Above all Minerva sheds over thein her beuign iullueace. 


THE PRODIGAE SOH. 

From a group by the American sculptor. Mozier. The subject is tho oft- 
quoted Bible parable of the Prodigal Son, and represents the Father embracing hia 
Bon, whose attenuatrd form and ill-clothed limbs are signs of want and misery. 
Tho faces of the two are highly ex])ressive; ihatof the. Father Is loving, yet 
worn with sorrow; and that of the rion confiding. The upper part of the group 
is very beautiful, and scalpturesquely rich. 

THE FIRST CRADLE. 

„ This celebrated group, the work of the eminent French sculptor, A. FT. Debay, 
* Is one of the irems of the Louvre palace in Paris. It represents Eve, our general 
mother, holding on her knees and encircling with her arms her two son.s Cain and 
Abel. The heads of the two children are well discriminated in character. Cainseems 
to Irown in lii.s .sleep; Ah»d h:is the soft pure lineaments which the early painters 
pave to tho heads of the infant Christ. The group is f>ne of extraordinary power 
and talent, both in conception .and treatment. On the pedestal are three small 
bas-reliefs from the history of the two brothers. 

PAUL AND VIRGINIA. 

From a group hy W. G. ^larsh.all. R. A., illustrates the carrying of Virginia 
through a river by Paul, when returning from their mission on Whalf of the 
Tunaway negre.ss. Tlie features of tint two forcibly illustrate their respective 
feelings—tho apprehensions of the girl and tho bold encouraging words of Paul. 

SLEEPING CHILDREN. 

Taken from an excellent group by (’hantry. erected in Litchfield Cathedral, to 
tho nieinrtry of the young < hildren of the late Rev. Dr. W. Robinson The figures 
are stretched at full length, indicating an entire suspension of animation. They 
are also draped, and sleep peaceful; profound and holy, is tho attribute which 
pervades the group. 


( 




ACHTLLES. 

By tho Icallan sculptor Pisani, is ono of the grandest conceptions in mn.rbl«, 
nnd represents llio y^utiiful hero appealing to the gods for aid at tlie siege of Troy:, 
He is represented v.-ith upturned head, and hands raised iiigh, <dulching in his right 
the short Itoiuan sv.’ird. while Ids rnaiitli! has fallen from his shoulders, r»;vealing 
a form unsurpasocd by any in marlde. Every muscle is here shown, and the eutu’« 
fonn is indicutiv.* of manly beauty—great strength, activity and grace. 

ABHLIHAL. DTJQ,XXSS2TE. 

A be-autiful statue of tills gallant ofilcer, the pride of the French, navy, in fall 
dross, Avith an anchor and mortar by his f<*e.t. and holding in his hand a speakisj 
trumpet. It stands at the entrance to the Naval Department in the city of Parc*. 

]lNY]yrPH OF DIANA. 

vF bcautifnl conception by an Italian artist. The nymph is attended by a 
found, which is consi<lered the finest animal in marble. 

SLEEP OF SOEROW AND DREAM OF JOY. 

An exquisite and poetic group by the Italian sculptor Monti, consisting of two 
females, each symbolising a portion of the title. Tht? reclining figure, in tba 
sorrow of a str eken and broken licart. haA’s down, as it were, to pass away froia 
life; whilst the other, in the fall and gushiitgjoyousness of a voting heart, uprises, 
as it were, from earth, witli e\'tendc<l hand and etiger eye, to clutch at some bright 
vision of the future, and. in her anxiety, bds fitll her mantle, ‘‘half conceaUng;, 
half disclosing,” a most beautiful figure—and whieli the artist has made to embody 
and convey his tliought.s almost spetikingly. 

TOMB OF MARSHAI. SAXE. 

In the Churh of St. Thomas, at Strasburg, is one of the grandest monuments In 
nil the Continent. It is a large marble obelisk, in front of which the galhant Saxe H 
represented as st.e|ipingfrom adnis, upon whitdi is the Eagle of France with the Li«a 
of England humbled btuieath, to meet Death, who, with hour-glass in hand, i« 
rapping upon a coffin placed upon a l>ier: interposi g between Death and tba 
Marshal is hisxvife; .at the end of a coffin is an old man weeping, and which i* 
typical of the ‘‘ Wild Geese” tw the Irish Brigade of France, which was commanded 
Vy Alanshal Saxe, and which won such imperishable renown. 

APOLLO DISCHARGINa HIS BOV7. 

A truly magnificent work, and one xvhich has won for the artist well-merited 
fame. It represents Apollo as he disch.arges the arrow from his bow. which slew 
the terrible Python. Apollo is represented as a young man, full of energy and 
determintition mingled with a fierce hope, and is ono of those fcwpiuces of marbks 
which may be s.aid to live and breathe. ^ 

SABRINA. 

The Nymph of the Severn, and one of the gems of the Louvre Palace in Parts, 
It is a piece full of exquisite beauty and delicate outline, and conveys most 
vividly the artist's (Marsliall) idea of the poetic water-nymph. 

ESMERALDA. 

A beautiful little gem. representing a j’oung girl with t.ambonrine, and who Is 
endeavoring to train a goat. Upon the y)edestal are three bas-reliefs, representing 
touching and pleasing passages in childhood's hour. 

GIRL AT BATH. 

One of Gib’on's (R. A.) cems, and a most expressive one. The young maiden 
fi? seated and about loo.sing her sand.als, preparatory to entering the bath. It is a 
beautiful piece, in Gibson’s best style. 

VICTORY. 

At Versaillc.s, a iro.st mn,gnificent statue, and composed of that most brittle o<f 
all materials, Porcel.iin. ITow the artist ever contrived to cive to the face the 
beautiful expression, to the form the firm, p'ctnresqne attitude, and loos9,^t*wing 
drai>ery revealing a form of matcldess beanty, and the delicate tr.acery of,the oliva* 
branch, has been the vvonder of artists and connoisseurs. 


BTJRD FAMILY MONTJMENT. 

This beautiful piece of sculpture, executed by Steinhauser, la In 8t. Stephen’s 
(Jhui'ch, Philndelphia, and represents three young persona sleefting at the foot of 
the Cross. i\n angel finding them tlius reposing at the last day, is regarding them 
attentively, and seems fearfnl of disturbing their slumber. The group ia one of 
touching beauty, and high artistic merit. 

CARACTACUS. 

This statue, by J. 11. Foley, R. A., represents Caractaous in the act of address¬ 
ing his troops, as described by the Roman historian, Tacitus. II 'S left arm is 
extended, implying energetic exhortation; the right hand grasps the point of his 
battle-axe, Avhich may bo supposed to rest on a fragment of rock agai..st which the 
shield of the ancient Brilisii warrior is placed, 'ihe attitude i.s firm and com¬ 
manding; the original statue is in the Egyptian Hull of the Mansion House, 
Loudon. 

THE NYMPH OF THE RHINE, 

From the statue by Schwanthaler, was executed for Prince Schu'artzenburg. 
It iuipersonates an old Gorman legend. 'J'lie lady is tlie Syren of the Rhine,.who 
allures the boatmen by her music into the rai)iils, and thus elFects their destruc¬ 
tion. She is represented sitting upon the fragmentof a boat, and is contemplating 
a monster fish that she uses as a footstool. The conception is eminently poetical, 
and the profile of the face singularly lovely. 

STATUE OP NILE, IN THE VATICAN, AT ROME. 

Representing the river Nile, in Egypt, and the smaller figure.s clustered around 
it the sixteen cubits to which height the Nile rises, and at which poiut it.overflows 
its banks and irrigates its surrounding country. 

TOMB OF MARIA CHRISTINA. 

This justly celebrated and beautiful monument, executed by the eminent 
sculptor,''Canova, is in the Church of tlie Augustines, at Vienna. Tliere is also a 
chapel in this church in which are preserved t'lo hearts of the princes of tho Im¬ 
perial family, while the vaults of the Capuchins contain their bodies. 

CUPID AND PSYCHE. 

From the bas-relief by J. Gibson. R. A.; illustrates tho fable of Cupid and 
Psycho related hy Apiileius. Tho nrrangcincnt of tlie two figures is most har¬ 
monious in tho disposition of tlie lines; tho figure of P.syche is exqui.sitely irrace- 
ful in po.se.and beantifnll}’^ modelled; while tho fore-shor.teningof tlu* lower limbs, 
and tho higli relief of the entire uroup, would favour tho idea that tho sculpture 
is executed in tho round ratlier than on the fiat surface. 

THE SLEEPINO CHILDREN. 

Monsieur W. Geefs, who executed this beautiful group, would seem to have 
taken a leaf out of tho book of Chantry, thouirh it i.s hi-rhly improbable that tho 
Belgian sculptor has ever seen the oxcinisito irr<>up in Litchfield Cathedr’il. The 
attitudes of the figures aro perfectly natural, the forms well-modelled, the faces 
truthful, childlike, and sweet in expression. This group is in the royal collection 
at Osborne, and was executed in marble by command of Queen Yictori;u 

THE WOODMAN. 

From the group by Schwanthaler in the collection of the Duke of Devon.shlrc. 
It indicates a mere fancy of tho sciiljitor, rather than any mythological subj cL 
but is considered the ciief-d'oeuvre of Schwanthaler. The female figure may 
possibly symbolize tho Arts; but it seems impossible to give a correct, definition 
of tho work. 

HAGAR AND ISHMAEL. 

From the bas-relief by E. 8. Bartholomew, a native of Colchester, in tho 
State of Connecticut. Tho two figures are not circum.stanced according to tho 
description recorded by Moses, but the treatment of the narrative is siujiciently 
expressed. The attitude of the mother is one of earnest supplication, that of 
Ishrnael one of helpless dependence. Tho bas-relief is three feet eight inches in 
height, by two feet two inches in width.. 


I 


RELIGION CONSOLING JUSTICE. 

This xerj beautiful example of Monumental Sculpture, from the chisel of Mr 
J. Edwards, is erected in memory of the late Ki^ht lion. Sir J. D. Bo.sanquet, on 
of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas, in the Church of Dingcstow, Mon 
mouthshire. The monument is executed in the finest Italian marble. 


A NYMPH SURPRISED. 

From the statue by E. G. Papworth, a young English Artist, executed for the 
late J. Necld, M. P. The‘‘surprise ” is created by u hawk having fallen on the 
feet of the nymph with its prey in its talons. 


, STATUE OF THE LATE EARL OF BELFAST. 

Executed in bronze by P. Macdowell, E. A., and recently erected by public 
subscription in the town of Belfast, to the memory of the son of the Marquis of 
Donegal, who died of consumption at Naples, in 1853. Macdoweirs statue of this 
gilted young noble reflects the beauties of Lis mind and person with unqualified 
success. 

TITANIA. 

From the bas-relief by F. M. Miller, who in this beautiful sculpture proves 
his true and thorough appreciation of Sliake.«peare, The position suggest3“A 
Midsummer Night’s Dream,” — lolled into slumber by the “melodies of the 
epheros,” and on a couch flagrant with the sweets of a thousand flowers. 

CHASTITY. 


This exquisite statue was executed by J. Durham, and was suggested by a 
passage in Milton's dramatic poem of “Comus — 

“Thou unblemi.‘‘hed form of Chastity! 

I see thee vi.sibly, and now believe 

That He, the Supreme Good, to whom all things ill 

Are but tbe slavish ofiicers of vengeance, 

Would send a glistening guardian, if need were, 

To keep my lil^e and honour unassailcd.” ■ 

GANYMEDE. — " 

From the group by E. S Bartholomew’, a young American tvrllst who died In 
185.8, while studviiig in Eonie. The story of Ganymede is one of those mytho¬ 
logical Actions which some of tiie «»ld Greek and Uoman poets have woven Into 
their writings. lie is said to liavo been a beautiful youth of Phrygia, who w’as 
called up to heaven by Jujuter to become cup-b«‘arer to the gods, in the place of 
llebe. Homer, Virgil and Horace each refer to the story. 

REiU)ING. 


This fiatup, hv P. Macdowell, E. A., unites the ideal with the natur.ah Tho 
fi'mre speaks for itself; it is that of a young girl intent on her book. The looso 
robe she wears has fallen from her shoulders in folds which develop her form 
modestly and naturally. 

THE AMAZON. 


Thi.s famous grotip of Professor Kiss, of Berlin, is executed in bronze, and 
faces the entrance to tlio New Museum at Berlin, It is powerful in execution, 
and, as a work of art, is one of great merit. 

STATUE OF TEMPERANCE, 


Bv Wills’ Brothers, is represented gracefully bending forward, in the presunied 
act of pourini w'atcr from a pitcher into a vase, and as a work of art it is highly 
creditable to the two brothers who have produced it. 

THE FOUNTAIN NYMPH. 


From the statue by J. J. ^Yestmacott. was exhibited in tho Eoyal Academy, 
London in iSfiO. The fluure is a correct and natunl rei<resentation of a simple 
and ph'asiu" tlieme, wliich would scarcely admit of more exalted treatment, 
inasmuch as action, not [)assion, is its sentiment. 


GTATUB OF BRIN. 


By W. J. O’Doherty. horn fn Dublin, in 18o5. This Ktfttuo, symbolical of Irc« 
land, wa.s exhibited ill 186 band the sculptor has sought to realize in stone that 
deep instinct of respect and veneration felt by every true jaitriot for the land of 
his birth. The “ genius’’ of Ins couiiliy is represented as a tvrrowfiil, disconsolata 
oijcct. lingering by the sea-shore, and meditating on the woes of Ireland. Tho 
statao was sculptured i.i marble for the Marquis of Downshire. 

TUB FIUST WIII3PEII OP LOVE. 

A really beautiful and poetic group, where the young maiden for the first time 
feels the secret twinges at lier heart, and lends a willing ear to some gentle non* 
sense which the rosy god (Cupid) is whispering in her ear. 

ARIEL. 

A beautiful little rieco by IVoodington, an English artist, and revealing Shaks- 
peare’s singular cn-ation of tho tricksy spirit who would put a girdle round the 
earth in forty minutes. 

EVE LISTENING. 

Tho. master-piece of the distingni.shed Enirlish sculptor E. II. Baily, and the 
gem of Etigli.-li sculpture at tho Crystal Palace at Sydenham. It is a noble and 
beautiful figure in reclining position, supported hy one hand, •whilst the other is 
raised, as though enjoining .silence as she listens to tho voice of God whilst walking 
in the sr.'irden. So grand is the eonceptfon and execution of this truly nincnificent 
sculpture, that the face appears suffused and the form irradiated with tho glory 
of tho lirst dawn of the morning of the world. 

LAOCOON. 

The grandest group in marble in the world, and cut from a single block. It 
was taken from the ruins of Pompeii, and deposited in the Vatican, at Eotno. A 
boautifnreast, in plaster, of this group is at tho Academy of Desiun in this city. 
It rejire.sents a priest of Aixdlo who, with his two sons, was worshipp'ng unon tho 
banks of the river Tyre, when, for some offence, Mercury sent against nim an 
Immense serpent, who, encircling the father anl sons in its Aids, crushed them to 
death. 


SLAUGHTER OP THE I1TNOCENT3. 

One of the most beautiful groups in marble, and represents a Eoman soldier, 
r.s designated by his sword, carrying out the b.arbarous ordei-8 of the Eoman 
Emperor, in destroying the child of a Christian mother. The expression upon the 
faces of the different lig.ires. hate, fierce and vindictive, of the sold er; entreaty 
and despair, fervent, suppliant and deep, of the mother, and terror of the infant, 
is unsurpas'ed. The jtoso is all that could be desired, and the entire piece calls 
forth tho most r.apturous admiration. 

ZENOEIA. 

By the celebrated American scnlptre.ss Mi.^s ITosraer, and which has attracted 
marked att<Mition wherever exhibited. It represents a robed figure, and, although 
a heavy jnece, is still strikingly graceful and beautiful in its outlines and general 
execution. 


VENUS. 

An old subject, but be.'iutifully treated by Milo, who h.as done Justice to a 
beautiful figure. Tho .subject has been treated from time immemorial, and by 
nearly every artist, and it still seems to bo a favorite. 

GREEK SLAVE. 

The masterpiece of the distingnished American sculptor Hiram Powers, and 
which won for him such world-wide fame and immortality. This beautiihl marble 
Is tiio well known to require any lengthened description either of its subject o» 
inert s. It is, in fact, us famlMsr to the American people as “household "words.” 


> 


HUNTER BEEENDING HIS FAMILY. 

This is one of the most energetic and expressive groups in marble. It rcproseEla 
a Eoinan Hunter defending his w fe and child from the attack of u tiaer. The ex¬ 
pression of ho( e and <lctonnin:ition upon tlie lace of the hunter is grand, as is also 
that of earnest entreaty of the mother and fear of the child, as ho seeks a refuge in 
her arms. 

BEADING GIRL. 

By Magnl. Is very lino and expressive. It represents a young girl seated upon 
ft rustic chair, across the hack of v ldch is Ihjov n her cloak, and on it rests 
the book in tho ivading of which site is so much interested. The exi)rcssion, pose 
and arrangement of the drapery is magnificent. 

MAID OF SABAGOrS3A. 

“Ye who shall marvel when yon hear her talo, 

Oh ! liad you known licr in Iscr .'•ofier hour— 

Narked her dark eye that marks the coal-black veil— 

Heard her light, lively tones in lady's bower— 

Seen lier b ug locks that foil the painter's power, 

Her fairy form, with more than female grace,— 

Scarce would you deem ihai Saragos.'^a's tower 
Behold her smile in danger’s Gorgon face. 

Thin the closed ranks, and load in gh ry's fearful chase.” 

Tho heroine i.s supposed fo be standing on the ramparts; a cannon-ball hasjnst 
killed a prii-st, wlio nobly aided in the dcfeiiee, from whoso dying hand she has 
Bnatched a crucifix which she lioids up to incite the. people to further resistance; 
In her other hand is a lighted fii.see, with which she is about to fire a cannon ; at 
the base of the figure is the answer of I’alofox in Spanish. “ Guerra <d C>tchiil(i'' 
“ War to the Knife.” It is a truely magnificent gem, aud from the chisel of J. Bell, 


From Sculptured Figures of Extinct Animals. 

CRYSTAL TALACE, SYDENIIAj\I. 


MEGA.THEBIUM 

Flourished In great numbers on the vast jdains of South America. Tho body 
svas from ei<’'ht to ten feet long, and scvin to eight feet high, and had a bn-ndth 
across the haunches of at leasi five feet. Its thigh bone was three times as Large 
as that of the Ihephant; its tail nearest the body was .si.v Icet in circnmfercnce. and 
Itssninal marrow, iudging from the opening in the vertebra, must have, been a 
Kn cirmtmf rence." Its forefoot wai a yard in lenuth by 12 inches in breadth, 
find was terminated by gigantic claws set obliquely to tho gioai.d, 11^.0 those 

IGUANODON 

Is proved by tho form of the teeth, a’d by the partially digested vegetable 
tnatter (portions of coniferous and lycadaccous plants) found in connection vilh 
Us 6k.deton, to have been a hcrbiycrons (phuit-;ating) rei.tih*. and m struHnro 
find hab ts resemblingthe iguana lizard of the Vest Indies, whence it derives its 
r vmr In Su rivalled the largest elephant in height, and y more than 

rivalled him in length and bulk, its average length being ab(^^^^ 
some speeimens are suppo.scd to have attained a length of from 60 to TU loot. 

MEGALOSAUBUS 

Was about SO feet in length, and. judging from the sharp trenchant teeth that 
fitni remain implanted in its fossil jaws, was a highly carnivorous and ferocious 
animal, devouring in all likelihood suialler reptiles, and the young of its gigantic 

-contemporaries. HYLACSAUBUS 

Was a smaller reptile of from 20 to 25 feet in length, which had a row of very 
dargi- thin a; gnhir spines extending like a fringe along the back. An existing 
tropical lizard, tho Cyclura, has been supposed somewhat to resemble the jUy 
laesaurus in miniature. 



PAINTINGS, 


ASOIXO KILLING THE PYTHON. 

According: to fabulous history, the Py thon was a huge dragon, sprung from the 
moist and stagnant waters which remained on the earth after the deluge. The 
snot where Apollo encountered the monster was in a valley by Mt. I arnassus, 
near Delphi, hi Phocis; and the reason assigned for the atUck made upon it, was 
the devastation it committed near the site of the celebrated Delphian oracle, iha 

Pvthian games were instituted to commemorate the event. j * vt 

It is the work of Turner, the celebrated English artist; who attached-to his 
title the following descriptive lines: 

“ Envenomed by thy darts, the monster coiled 
Portentous, horrible and vast; his snake-like form 
Kent the huge portal of the rocky den, 

And, in the throes of death, he tore 
llis many wounds in ono, while earth, 

Absorbing, blackened with his gore.” 


DIDO BUXLDING CARTHAGE. 

By Turner, one of England’s most celebrated, if not the most celebrated, Ipd* 
scape painter. It is a grand picture, a magnificent combination of fine architec¬ 
ture, noble landscape and gorgeous sky, illuminated by a flood of sunlight, warm 
and glowing. The late Sir George Beaumont was of opinion that none could 
equal Claude, the great Italian landscape painter, when Turner determined 
to try; and when he bequeathed this work to his country, it was to be placed in 
juxtaposition with the two most famous Claudes in the National Gallery. It is 
nosv in the gallery at Kensington, 


BDRIAIi OF WIDKIE. 

By Turner. Representing the burial of the great English painter Sir David 
■Wilkie, on the evening of the filst of May, 1841, from the steamer Oriental, in the 
Bay of Gibraltar. The picture i.s a grand poetic conception, a noble contribution 
to the memory of Wilkie, and a work that cannot but arrest the sympathies of all 
who look at it. The canva.s shows little C(»lor; it is covered only with mer® 
modification.s of black; and this, perhaps, more than anything else, exhibits the 
greatness ofTiirner’s mind. 


THE GIPSY. 

By J. Philip, R. A , is in the royal collection at Osborne, Isle of Wight. 
It is evidently a portrait, as there is notliing in the face of the woman 
indicative of craft or imposition. It is a hand>ome, intelligent, pleasing coun¬ 
tenance; sunburnt though it be, it is clear in comple.xion, and seems almost fair 
against the long, shining blacjc hair. 

OPENING OF THE WALHADLA. 

On the right bank of the Danube, a short distance from Ratlsbon, and placed 
2r)0 feet ahovo the level of the river, stands one of the most remarkable edilices 
in the world ; taking into consideration its sito and its construction, it may per¬ 
haps be said tl'.e world never saw the equal of the Walhalla, founded by the taste 
and liber,ility of Louis of Bavaria, and erected by the genius of Von Klenze. 
Amons: all the works executed by the command of the Bavarian Monarch, this 
mast bo regarded as his most noble monument, and as one tliat renders him and 
his architect worthy, respectively, of the same honors as ages have conferred on 
Pericles and Phidias. The Walhalla was built to contain tlie busts, siatues, etc., 
of distinguished men, and is built after the model of the Parthenon in Athens. 
The first stone Vi^as laid October 18th, 1830, and it was inaugurated 1842, occupying 
12 years in its building. 





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